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<title>Septemberprogramm</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><i>Septemberprogramm</i></span>

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<p>The <i><b>Septemberprogramm</b></i> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">

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</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">German:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="de-Latn-fonipa">[zɛpˈtɛmbɐpʁoˌɡʁam]</span>, literally "September Program") was a memorandum authorized by <a href="Chancellor_of_Germany" title="Chancellor of Germany">Chancellor</a> <a href="Theobald_von_Bethmann_Hollweg" title="Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg">Theobald von Bethmann Hollweg</a> of the <a href="German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> at the beginning of <a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>. It was drafted on 9 September 1914 by the Chancellor's private secretary, <a href="Kurt_Riezler" title="Kurt Riezler">Kurt Riezler</a>, in preparation of peace negotiations at a time when Germany expected to defeat France quickly and decisively on the Western Front. The territorial changes proposed in the <i>Septemberprogramm</i> included making a <a href="Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> of <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, annexing <a href="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> and portions of <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, expanding <a href="German_colonies_in_Africa" class="mw-redirect" title="German colonies in Africa">German colonies in Africa</a>, and increasing German influence in Eastern Europe at the expense of the <a href="Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.

</p><p>The <i>Septemberprogramm</i> gained great notoriety after it was discovered by historian <a href="Fritz_Fischer_(historian)" title="Fritz Fischer (historian)">Fritz Fischer</a>, who wrote that it was based on the <i><a href="Lebensraum" title="Lebensraum">Lebensraum</a></i> philosophy as well as the <i><a href="Drang_nach_Osten" title="Drang nach Osten">Drang nach Osten</a></i> nationalist movement of the 19th century, which made territorial expansion Imperial Germany's primary motive for war.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This interpretation has been controversial. The modern consensus among historians is that it was more of a discussion document, written well after the start of the war, and not a formally adopted government policy.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="War_goals">War goals</h2></div>

<p>The <i>Septemberprogramm</i> was a list of possible goals for Germany to achieve in the war:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li><a href="France" title="France">France</a> should cede some northern territory, such as the iron-ore mines at <a href="Briey" title="Briey">Briey</a> to Germany and possibly a coastal strip running from <a href="Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> to <a href="Boulogne-sur-Mer" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>, to Belgium or Germany.</li>

<li>France should pay a <a href="War_indemnity" class="mw-redirect" title="War indemnity">war indemnity</a> high enough to prevent French rearmament for the next couple of decades. Additionally, a commercial treaty would make the French economy dependent on Germany and exclude trade between France and the <a href="British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a>.</li>

<li>France would partially disarm by demolishing its northern forts.</li>

<li><a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> should become a <a href="Vassal_state" title="Vassal state">vassal state</a> and cede eastern parts and possibly <a href="Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> to Germany and give Germany military and naval bases.</li>

<li><a href="Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> should become a member state of the German Empire.</li>

<li><a href="Buffer_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Buffer states">Buffer states</a> would be created in territory carved out of the western Russian Empire, such as <a href="Kingdom_of_Poland_(1916%E2%80%931918)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Poland (1916–1918)">Poland</a>.</li>

<li>Germany would create a <i><a href="Mitteleuropa" title="Mitteleuropa">Mitteleuropa</a></i> economic association, ostensibly egalitarian but actually dominated by Germany. Members would be <a href="France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>, <a href="Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>, <a href="Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, <a href="Kingdom_of_Poland_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)">Poland</a>, and possibly <a href="Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, <a href="Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, and <a href="Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>The <a href="German_colonial_empire" title="German colonial empire">German colonial empire</a> would be expanded. The <a href="German_colonization_of_Africa" title="German colonization of Africa">German possessions in Africa</a> would be enlarged to create a contiguous German colony across central Africa known as <i><a href="Mittelafrika" title="Mittelafrika">Mittelafrika</a></i>, at the expense of the French and Belgian colonies. Presumably to leave open future negotiations with Britain, no British colonies were to be taken, but Britain's "intolerable hegemony" in world affairs was to end.</li>

<li>The <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> should be brought into a closer relationship to Germany while avoiding any appearance of coercion.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Significance">Significance</h2></div>

<p>The <i>Septemberprogramm</i> was based on suggestions from Germany's industrial, military, and political leadership.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, since Germany did not win the war, it was never put into effect. As historian Raffael Scheck concluded, "The government, finally, never committed itself to anything. It had ordered the <i>Septemberprogramm</i> as an informal hearing in order to learn about the opinion of the economic and military elites."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In the east, on the other hand, Germany and her allies did demand and achieve significant territorial and economic concessions from Russia in the <a href="Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> and from Romania in the <a href="Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both treaties were annulled with the <a href="Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice of 11 November 1918</a> that ended the fighting in World War I.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFFischer1967" class="citation book cs1">Fischer, Fritz (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ia600204.us.archive.org/31/items/FischerFritzGermanysAimsInTheFirstWorldWar/Fischer%2C%20Fritz%20-%20Germany%E2%80%99s%20Aims%20in%20the%20First%20World%20War.pdf"><i>Germany's Aims in the First World War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. New York: W.W. Norton. pp. 98 ff. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0393097986</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFScheck2008" class="citation book cs1">Scheck, Raffael (2008). <i>Germany, 1871–1945: A Concise History</i>. Oxford: Berg. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>9781845208172</bdi>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:2-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghdi.ghi-dc.org/sub_document.cfm?document_id=980">"The September Memorandum (September 9, 1914)"</a>. <i>German History in Documents and Images (GHDI)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1980" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Wayne C. (1980). <i>In the Eye of the Storm: Kurt Riezler and the Crises of Modern Germany</i>. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">98–</span>99. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-87745-094-8</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li>Thompson, Wayne C. (December 1978). "The September Program: Reflections on the Evidence". <i>Central European History</i>. <b>11</b> (4): 348–354. DOI: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938900018823">https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008938900018823</a></li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFThompson1980" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Wayne C. (1980). <i>In the Eye of the Storm: Kurt Riezler and the Crises of Modern Germany</i>. Iowa City: <a href="University_of_Iowa_Press" title="University of Iowa Press">University of Iowa Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-87745-094-8</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><span class="languageicon">(in German)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.deuframat.de/de/konflikte/krieg-und-aussoehnung/der-erste-weltkrieg-im-kollektiven-gedaechtnis-der-deutschen-und-der-franzosen/deutsche-und-franzoesische-kriegsziele/kriegsziele-deutschlands.html">Full text of the <i>Septemberprogramm</i></a> (<i>DeuFraMat</i> = <i>Deutsch-französische Materialien für den Geschichts- und Geographieunterricht</i> (German-French Materials for Historical and Geographic Education))</li></ul>

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</style><div id="World_War_I23433" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>

<ul><li><a href="Outline_of_World_War_I" title="Outline of World War I">Outline</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_military_engagements_of_World_War_I" title="List of military engagements of World War I">Military engagements</a></li>

<li><a href="Aftermath_of_World_War_I" title="Aftermath of World War I">Aftermath</a></li>

<li><a href="Economic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Economic history of World War I">Economic history</a></li>

<li><a href="Role_of_geography_in_World_War_I" title="Role of geography in World War I">Geography</a></li>

<li><a href="Historiography_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of World War I">Historiography</a></li>

<li><a href="Home_front_during_World_War_I" title="Home front during World War I">Home fronts</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_I_memorials" title="World War I memorials">Memorials</a></li>

<li><a href="Opposition_to_World_War_I" title="Opposition to World War I">Opposition</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_I_in_popular_culture" title="World War I in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Propaganda_in_World_War_I" title="Propaganda in World War I">Propaganda</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_World_War_I_puppet_states" title="List of World War I puppet states">Puppet states</a></li>

<li><a href="Technology_during_World_War_I" title="Technology during World War I">Technology</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Theatres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="European_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="European theatre of World War I">European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Balkans_theatre" title="Balkans theatre">Balkans</a>

<ul><li><a href="Serbian_campaign" title="Serbian campaign">Serbia</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Western_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Western Front (World War I)">Western Front</a></li>

<li><a href="Eastern_Front_(World_War_I)" title="Eastern Front (World War I)">Eastern Front</a>

<ul><li><a href="Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_front_(World_War_I)" title="Italian front (World War I)">Italian Front</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Middle_Eastern_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Middle Eastern theatre of World War I">Middle Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Gallipoli</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinai_and_Palestine_campaign" title="Sinai and Palestine campaign">Sinai and Palestine</a></li>

<li><a href="Caucasus_campaign" title="Caucasus campaign">Caucasus</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_campaign_(World_War_I)" title="Persian campaign (World War I)">Persia</a></li>

<li><a href="Mesopotamian_campaign" title="Mesopotamian campaign">Mesopotamia</a></li>

<li><a href="Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Hejaz & Levant</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="African_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="African theatre of World War I">African</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="South_West_Africa_campaign" title="South West Africa campaign">South West</a></li>

<li><a href="Kamerun_campaign" title="Kamerun campaign">Kamerun</a></li>

<li><a href="Togoland_campaign" title="Togoland campaign">Togoland</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_operations_in_North_Africa_during_World_War_I" title="Military operations in North Africa during World War I">North</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Asian_and_Pacific_theatre_of_World_War_I" title="Asian and Pacific theatre of World War I">Asian and Pacific</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Tsingtao</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_German_Samoa" title="Occupation of German Samoa">German Samoa</a></li>

<li><a href="Allied_occupation_of_German_New_Guinea" title="Allied occupation of German New Guinea">German New Guinea</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="U-boat_campaign" title="U-boat campaign">U-boat campaign</a>

<ul><li><a href="Atlantic_U-boat_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Atlantic U-boat campaign of World War I">North Atlantic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Naval_warfare_in_the_Mediterranean_during_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare in the Mediterranean during World War I">Mediterranean</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Principal<br>participants</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Allies_of_World_War_I" title="Allies of World War I">Entente Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Allied_leaders_of_World_War_I" title="Allied leaders of World War I">Leaders</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgium_in_World_War_I" title="Belgium in World War I">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Brazil_during_World_War_I" title="Brazil during World War I">Brazil</a></li>

<li><a href="China_during_World_War_I" title="China during World War I">China</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Army_in_World_War_I" title="French Army in World War I">France</a>

<ul><li><a href="French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French Empire</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Greece_during_World_War_I" title="Greece during World War I">Greece</a></li>

<li><a href="Kingdom_of_Hejaz" title="Kingdom of Hejaz">Hejaz</a></li>

<li><a href="Military_history_of_Italy_during_World_War_I" title="Military history of Italy during World War I">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Montenegro#World_War_I" title="History of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li>

<li><a href="Portugal_during_World_War_I" title="Portugal during World War I">Portuguese Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Romania_in_World_War_I" title="Romania in World War I">Romania</a></li>

<li><a href="Russia_in_the_First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Russia in the First World War">Russia</a>

<ul><li><a href="History_of_Russia_(1894%E2%80%931917)#Russia_at_war,_1914–1916" title="History of Russia (1894–1917)">Russian Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_Republic" title="Russian Republic">Russian Republic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Serbia#Serbia_in_World_War_I_(1914–1918)" title="History of Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_the_United_Kingdom_during_the_First_World_War" title="History of the United Kingdom during the First World War">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="British_Empire" title="British Empire">British Empire</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="United_States_in_World_War_I" title="United States in World War I">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Central_Powers" title="Central Powers">Central Powers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Leaders_of_the_Central_Powers_of_World_War_I" title="Leaders of the Central Powers of World War I">Leaders</a></li>

<li><a href="German_Empire" title="German Empire">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="History_of_Austria-Hungary_during_World_War_I" title="History of Austria-Hungary during World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgaria_during_World_War_I" title="Bulgaria during World War I">Bulgaria</a></li>

<li><a href="Senussi_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Senussi Campaign">Senussi</a></li>

<li><a href="Maritz_Rebellion" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritz Rebellion">South African Republic</a></li>

<li><a href="Sultanate_of_Darfur" title="Sultanate of Darfur">Darfur</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_I" title="Timeline of World War I">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Pre-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> (1870–71)</li>

<li><a href="Scramble_for_Africa" title="Scramble for Africa">Scramble for Africa</a> (1880–1914)</li>

<li><a href="Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a> (1905)</li>

<li><a href="First_Moroccan_Crisis" title="First Moroccan Crisis">Tangier Crisis</a> (1905–06)</li>

<li><a href="Bosnian_Crisis" title="Bosnian Crisis">Bosnian Crisis</a> (1908–09)</li>

<li><a href="Agadir_Crisis" title="Agadir Crisis">Agadir Crisis</a> (1911)</li>

<li><a href="Italo-Turkish_War" title="Italo-Turkish War">Italo-Turkish War</a> (1911–12)</li>

<li><a href="First_Balkan_War" title="First Balkan War">First Balkan War</a> (1912–13)</li>

<li><a href="Second_Balkan_War" title="Second Balkan War">Second Balkan War</a> (1913)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Prelude</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Causes_of_World_War_I" title="Causes of World War I">Origins</a>

<ul><li><a href="Historiography_of_the_causes_of_World_War_I" title="Historiography of the causes of World War I">Historiography</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Assassination_of_Archduke_Franz_Ferdinand" title="Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand">Sarajevo assassination</a></li>

<li><a href="Anti-Serb_riots_in_Sarajevo" title="Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo">Anti-Serb riots in Sarajevo</a></li>

<li><a href="July_Crisis" title="July Crisis">July Crisis</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1914</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Frontiers" title="Battle of the Frontiers">Battle of the Frontiers</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Cer" title="Battle of Cer">Battle of Cer</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Galicia" title="Battle of Galicia">Battle of Galicia</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_invasion_of_East_Prussia_(1914)" title="Russian invasion of East Prussia (1914)">Russian invasion of East Prussia</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Tannenberg" title="Battle of Tannenberg">Battle of Tannenberg</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Tsingtao" title="Siege of Tsingtao">Siege of Tsingtao</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="First Battle of the Masurian Lakes">First Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Grand_Couronn%C3%A9" title="Battle of Grand Couronné">Battle of Grand Couronné</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="First Battle of the Marne">First Battle of the Marne</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Przemy%C5%9Bl" title="Siege of Przemyśl">Siege of Przemyśl</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Battle_of_Ypres" title="First Battle of Ypres">First Battle of Ypres</a></li>

<li><a href="Black_Sea_raid" title="Black Sea raid">Black Sea raid</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Kolubara" title="Battle of Kolubara">Battle of Kolubara</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Sarikamish" title="Battle of Sarikamish">Battle of Sarikamish</a></li>

<li><a href="Christmas_truce" title="Christmas truce">Christmas truce</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1915</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Second_Battle_of_the_Masurian_Lakes" title="Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes">Second Battle of the Masurian Lakes</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_%C5%81om%C5%BCa" title="Battle of Łomża">Battle of Łomża</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_Ypres" title="Second Battle of Ypres">Second Battle of Ypres</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinking_of_the_RMS_Lusitania" title="Sinking of the RMS Lusitania">Sinking of the RMS <i>Lusitania</i></a></li>

<li><a href="Gallipoli_campaign" title="Gallipoli campaign">Battle of Gallipoli</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_Artois" title="Second Battle of Artois">Second Battle of Artois</a></li>

<li><a href="Battles_of_the_Isonzo" title="Battles of the Isonzo">Battles of the Isonzo</a></li>

<li><a href="Gorlice%E2%80%93Tarn%C3%B3w_offensive" title="Gorlice–Tarnów offensive">Gorlice–Tarnów offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Retreat_(Russia)" title="Great Retreat (Russia)">Great Retreat</a></li>

<li><a href="Bug%E2%80%93Narew_Offensive" title="Bug–Narew Offensive">Bug-Narew Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Novogeorgievsk" title="Siege of Novogeorgievsk">Siege of Novogeorgievsk</a></li>

<li><a href="Vistula%E2%80%93Bug_offensive" title="Vistula–Bug offensive">Vistula–Bug offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_Champagne" title="Second Battle of Champagne">Second Battle of Champagne</a></li>

<li><a href="Kosovo_offensive_(1915)" title="Kosovo offensive (1915)">Kosovo offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Siege_of_Kut" title="Siege of Kut">Siege of Kut</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Loos" title="Battle of Loos">Battle of Loos</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Robat_Karim" title="Battle of Robat Karim">Battle of Robat Karim</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">1916</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Erzurum_offensive" title="Erzurum offensive">Erzurum offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Verdun" title="Battle of Verdun">Battle of Verdun</a></li>

<li><a href="Lake_Naroch_offensive" title="Lake Naroch offensive">Lake Naroch offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Asiago" title="Battle of Asiago">Battle of Asiago</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Jutland" title="Battle of Jutland">Battle of Jutland</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_the_Somme" title="Battle of the Somme">Battle of the Somme</a>

<ul><li><a href="First_day_on_the_Somme" title="First day on the Somme">first day</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brusilov_offensive" title="Brusilov offensive">Brusilov offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Baranovichi_offensive" title="Baranovichi offensive">Baranovichi offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Romani" title="Battle of Romani">Battle of Romani</a></li>

<li><a href="Monastir_offensive" title="Monastir offensive">Monastir offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Transylvania" title="Battle of Transylvania">Battle of Transylvania</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1917</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Fall_of_Baghdad_(1917)" title="Fall of Baghdad (1917)">Capture of Baghdad</a></li>

<li><a href="February_Revolution" title="February Revolution">February Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Zimmermann_telegram" title="Zimmermann telegram">Zimmermann telegram</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Second battle of Arras</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_battle_of_the_Aisne" class="mw-redirect" title="Second battle of the Aisne">Second battle of the Aisne</a></li>

<li><a href="Kerensky_offensive" title="Kerensky offensive">Kerensky offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărăști">Battle of Mărăști</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Passchendaele" title="Battle of Passchendaele">Third Battle of Ypres (Passchendaele)</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_M%C4%83r%C4%83%C8%99e%C8%99ti" title="Battle of Mărășești">Battle of Mărășești</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Battle_of_Oituz" title="Third Battle of Oituz">Third Battle of Oituz</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Caporetto" title="Battle of Caporetto">Battle of Caporetto</a></li>

<li><a href="Southern_Palestine_offensive" title="Southern Palestine offensive">Southern Palestine offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="October_Revolution" title="October Revolution">October Revolution</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_La_Malmaison" title="Battle of La Malmaison">Battle of La Malmaison</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Cambrai_(1917)" title="Battle of Cambrai (1917)">Battle of Cambrai</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Foc%C8%99ani" title="Armistice of Focșani">Armistice of Focșani</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_between_Russia_and_the_Central_Powers" title="Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers">Armistice between Russia and the Central Powers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Timeline_of_World_War_I_(1917%E2%80%931918)" title="Timeline of World War I (1917–1918)">1918</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Operation_Faustschlag" title="Operation Faustschlag">Operation Faustschlag</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a></li>

<li><a href="German_spring_offensive" title="German spring offensive">German spring offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Zeebrugge_Raid" title="Zeebrugge Raid">Zeebrugge Raid</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest of 1918</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Goychay" title="Battle of Goychay">Battle of Goychay</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_the_Piave_River" title="Second Battle of the Piave River">Second Battle of the Piave River</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Battle_of_the_Marne" title="Second Battle of the Marne">Second Battle of the Marne</a></li>

<li><a href="Hundred_Days_Offensive" title="Hundred Days Offensive">Hundred Days Offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Vardar_offensive" title="Vardar offensive">Vardar offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Megiddo_(1918)" title="Battle of Megiddo (1918)">Battle of Megiddo</a></li>

<li><a href="Third_Transjordan_attack" title="Third Transjordan attack">Third Transjordan attack</a></li>

<li><a href="Meuse%E2%80%93Argonne_offensive" title="Meuse–Argonne offensive">Meuse–Argonne offensive</a></li>

<li><a href="Battle_of_Vittorio_Veneto" title="Battle of Vittorio Veneto">Battle of Vittorio Veneto</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Salonica" title="Armistice of Salonica">Armistice of Salonica</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Mudros" title="Armistice of Mudros">Armistice of Mudros</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Villa_Giusti" title="Armistice of Villa Giusti">Armistice of Villa Giusti</a></li>

<li><a href="Second_Romanian_campaign_of_World_War_I" title="Second Romanian campaign of World War I">Second Romanian campaign</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_11_November_1918" title="Armistice of 11 November 1918">Armistice with Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Bollettino_della_Vittoria_Navale" title="Bollettino della Vittoria Navale">Naval Victory Bulletin</a></li>

<li><a href="Armistice_of_Belgrade" title="Armistice of Belgrade">Armistice of Belgrade</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Co-belligerent conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Somaliland_campaign" title="Somaliland campaign">Somaliland campaign</a> (1900–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Mexican_Revolution" title="Mexican Revolution">Mexican Revolution</a> (1910–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Maritz_rebellion" title="Maritz rebellion">Maritz rebellion</a> (1914–15)</li>

<li><a href="Muscat_rebellion" title="Muscat rebellion">Muscat rebellion</a> (1913–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Zaian_War" title="Zaian War">Zaian War</a> (1914–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Kurdish_rebellions_during_World_War_I" title="Kurdish rebellions during World War I">Kurdish rebellions</a> (1914–1917)</li>

<li><a href="Ovambo_Uprising" title="Ovambo Uprising">Ovambo Uprising</a> (1914–1917)</li>

<li><a href="Kelantan_rebellion" title="Kelantan rebellion">Kelantan rebellion</a> (1915)</li>

<li><a href="Senussi_campaign" title="Senussi campaign">Senussi campaign</a> (1915–1917)</li>

<li><a href="Volta-Bani_War" title="Volta-Bani War">Volta-Bani War</a> (1915–1917)</li>

<li><a href="National_Protection_War" title="National Protection War">National Protection War</a></li>

<li><a href="Arab_Revolt" title="Arab Revolt">Arab Revolt</a> (1916–1918)</li>

<li><a href="Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Central Asian Revolt</a> (1916–17)</li>

<li><a href="Invasion_of_Darfur_(1916)" title="Invasion of Darfur (1916)">Invasion of Darfur</a> (1916)</li>

<li><a href="Easter_Rising" title="Easter Rising">Easter Rising</a> (1916)</li>

<li><a href="Kaocen_revolt" title="Kaocen revolt">Kaocen revolt</a> (1916–17)</li>

<li><a href="Russian_Revolution" title="Russian Revolution">Russian Revolution</a> (1917)</li>

<li><a href="Finnish_Civil_War" title="Finnish Civil War">Finnish Civil War</a> (1918)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Post-War conflicts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> (1917–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Ukrainian–Soviet War">Ukrainian–Soviet War</a> (1917–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Armenian%E2%80%93Azerbaijani_war_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)">Armenian–Azerbaijani War</a> (1918–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Armeno-Georgian_War" title="Armeno-Georgian War">Armeno-Georgian War</a> (1918)</li>

<li><a href="German_Revolution_of_1918%E2%80%931919" class="mw-redirect" title="German Revolution of 1918–1919">German Revolution</a> (1918–19)</li>

<li><a href="Revolutions_and_interventions_in_Hungary_(1918%E2%80%931920)" title="Revolutions and interventions in Hungary (1918–1920)">Revolutions and interventions in Hungary</a> (1918–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Hungarian%E2%80%93Romanian_War" title="Hungarian–Romanian War">Hungarian–Romanian War</a> (1918–19)</li>

<li><a href="Greater_Poland_uprising_(1918%E2%80%931919)" title="Greater Poland uprising (1918–1919)">Greater Poland Uprising</a> (1918–19)</li>

<li><a href="Estonian_War_of_Independence" title="Estonian War of Independence">Estonian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Latvian_War_of_Independence" title="Latvian War of Independence">Latvian War of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Lithuanian_Wars_of_Independence" title="Lithuanian Wars of Independence">Lithuanian Wars of Independence</a> (1918–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Polish%E2%80%93Ukrainian_War" title="Polish–Ukrainian War">Polish–Ukrainian War</a> (1918–19)</li>

<li><a href="Third_Anglo-Afghan_War" title="Third Anglo-Afghan War">Third Anglo-Afghan War</a> (1919)</li>

<li><a href="1919_Egyptian_revolution" title="1919 Egyptian revolution">Egyptian Revolution</a> (1919)</li>

<li><a href="Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_War" title="Polish–Lithuanian War">Polish–Lithuanian War</a> (1919–1920)</li>

<li><a href="Polish%E2%80%93Soviet_War" title="Polish–Soviet War">Polish–Soviet War</a> (1919–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Irish_War_of_Independence" title="Irish War of Independence">Irish War of Independence</a> (1919–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="Turkish War of Independence">Turkish War of Independence</a>

<ul><li><a href="United_Kingdom_during_the_Turkish_War_of_Independence" title="United Kingdom during the Turkish War of Independence">Anglo-Turkish War</a> (1918–1923)</li>

<li><a href="Franco-Turkish_War" title="Franco-Turkish War">Franco-Turkish War</a> (1918–1921)</li>

<li><a href="Greco-Turkish_War_(1919%E2%80%931922)" title="Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)">Greco-Turkish War</a> (1919–1922)</li>

<li><a href="Turkish%E2%80%93Armenian_War" title="Turkish–Armenian War">Turkish–Armenian War</a> (1920)</li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Iraqi_Revolt" title="Iraqi Revolt">Iraqi Revolt</a> (1920)</li>

<li><a href="Vlora_War" title="Vlora War">Vlora War</a> (1920)</li>

<li><a href="Franco-Syrian_War" title="Franco-Syrian War">Franco-Syrian War</a> (1920)</li>

<li><a href="Red_Army_invasion_of_Georgia" title="Red Army invasion of Georgia">Soviet–Georgian War</a> (1921)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;text-align:left;">Aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Warfare</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Aviation_in_World_War_I" title="Aviation in World War I">Aviation</a>

<ul><li><a href="Strategic_bombing_during_World_War_I" title="Strategic bombing during World War I">Strategic bombing</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Chemical_weapons_in_World_War_I" title="Chemical weapons in World War I">Chemical weapons</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_I_cryptography" title="World War I cryptography">Cryptography</a></li>

<li><a href="Horses_in_World_War_I" title="Horses in World War I">Horses</a></li>

<li><a href="Logistics_in_World_War_I" title="Logistics in World War I">Logistics</a></li>

<li><a href="Naval_warfare_of_World_War_I" title="Naval warfare of World War I">Naval warfare</a>

<ul><li><a href="Convoys_in_World_War_I" title="Convoys in World War I">Convoy system</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench warfare</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th id="Conscription493" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Conscription</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="World_War_I_conscription_in_Australia" title="World War I conscription in Australia">Australia</a></li>

<li><a href="Conscription_Crisis_of_1917" title="Conscription Crisis of 1917">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="Seferberlik" title="Seferberlik">Ottoman Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Recruitment_to_the_British_Army_during_World_War_I" title="Recruitment to the British Army during World War I">United Kingdom</a>

<ul><li><a href="Conscription_Crisis_of_1918" title="Conscription Crisis of 1918">Ireland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Selective_Service_Act_of_1917" title="Selective Service Act of 1917">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

<ul><li>British casualties

<ul><li><a href="List_of_British_parliamentarians_who_died_in_the_First_World_War" title="List of British parliamentarians who died in the First World War">Parliamentarians</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_casualties_of_World_War_I" title="Ottoman casualties of World War I">Ottoman casualties</a></li>

<li>Sports

<ul><li><a href="List_of_international_rugby_union_players_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of international rugby union players killed in World War I">Rugby</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Olympians_killed_in_World_War_I" title="List of Olympians killed in World War I">Olympians</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Disease</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="1899%E2%80%931923_cholera_pandemic" title="1899–1923 cholera pandemic">1899–1923 cholera pandemic</a></li>

<li><a href="1915_typhus_and_relapsing_fever_epidemic_in_Serbia" title="1915 typhus and relapsing fever epidemic in Serbia">1915 typhus epidemic in Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_flu" title="Spanish flu">Spanish flu</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Occupations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Austro-Hungarian occupations

<ul><li><a href="Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Serbia" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Serbia">Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="Austro-Hungarian_occupation_of_Montenegro" title="Austro-Hungarian occupation of Montenegro">Montenegro</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Bulgarian occupations

<ul><li><a href="Bulgarian_occupation_of_Albania" title="Bulgarian occupation of Albania">Albania</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgarian_occupation_of_Serbia_(World_War_I)" title="Bulgarian occupation of Serbia (World War I)">Serbia</a></li></ul></li>

<li>German occupations

<ul><li><a href="German_occupation_of_Belgium_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Belgium during World War I">Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="German_occupation_of_Luxembourg_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of Luxembourg during World War I">Luxembourg</a></li>

<li><a href="German_occupation_of_north-east_France_during_World_War_I" title="German occupation of north-east France during World War I">Northeast France</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupied_Enemy_Territory_Administration" title="Occupied Enemy Territory Administration">Occupied Enemy Territory Administration</a></li>

<li>Russian occupations

<ul><li><a href="Russian_occupation_of_Eastern_Galicia_(1914%E2%80%931915)" title="Russian occupation of Eastern Galicia (1914–1915)">Eastern Galicia</a></li>

<li><a href="Occupation_of_Western_Armenia" title="Occupation of Western Armenia">Western Armenia</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Prisoners of war in World War I">POWs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Germans

<ul><li><a href="German_prisoners_of_war_in_the_United_States" title="German prisoners of war in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Italian_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_I" title="Italian prisoners of war in World War I">Italians</a></li>

<li>POW locations

<ul><li><a href="List_of_World_War_I_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_Canada" title="List of World War I prisoner-of-war camps in Canada">Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="World_War_I_prisoners_of_war_in_Germany" title="World War I prisoners of war in Germany">Germany</a> / <a href="German_prisoner-of-war_camps_in_World_War_I" title="German prisoner-of-war camps in World War I">camps</a></li>

<li><a href="Prisoner_of_war_camps_in_Switzerland_during_World_War_I" title="Prisoner of war camps in Switzerland during World War I">Switzerland</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Refugees_of_World_War_I" title="Refugees of World War I">Refugees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Belgian refugees

<ul><li><a href="Belgian_refugees_in_the_Netherlands_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in the Netherlands during the First World War">Netherlands</a></li>

<li><a href="Belgian_refugees_in_Britain_during_the_First_World_War" title="Belgian refugees in Britain during the First World War">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="War_crimes_in_World_War_I" title="War crimes in World War I">War crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Allied blockades

<ul><li><a href="Blockade_of_the_Eastern_Mediterranean" title="Blockade of the Eastern Mediterranean">Eastern Mediterranean</a>

<ul><li><a href="Great_Famine_of_Mount_Lebanon" title="Great Famine of Mount Lebanon">Mount Lebanon famine</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Blockade_of_Germany_(1914%E2%80%931919)" title="Blockade of Germany (1914–1919)">Germany</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deportations_from_East_Prussia_during_World_War_I" title="Deportations from East Prussia during World War I">Deportations from East Prussia</a></li>

<li><a href="Destruction_of_Kalisz" title="Destruction of Kalisz">Destruction of Kalisz</a></li>

<li><a href="Sack_of_Dinant" title="Sack of Dinant">Sack of Dinant</a></li>

<li><a href="Late_Ottoman_genocides" title="Late Ottoman genocides">Late Ottoman genocides</a>

<ul><li><a href="Armenian_genocide" title="Armenian genocide">Armenian genocide</a></li>

<li><a href="Sayfo" title="Sayfo">Assyrian genocide</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_genocide" title="Greek genocide">Pontic Greek genocide</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">Rape of Belgium</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Asian_revolt_of_1916" title="Central Asian revolt of 1916">Urkun (Kyrgyzstan)</a></li>

<li><a href="Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I" title="Massacres of Albanians in World War I">Massacres of Albanians</a></li>

<li><a href="Internment_of_Ukrainian_Canadians" title="Internment of Ukrainian Canadians">Internment of Ukrainian Canadians</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Diplomatic_history_of_World_War_I" title="Diplomatic history of World War I">Diplomacy</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Entry into the war</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Austro-Hungarian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Austro-Hungarian entry into World War I">Austria-Hungary</a></li>

<li><a href="French_entry_into_World_War_I" title="French entry into World War I">France</a></li>

<li><a href="German_entry_into_World_War_I" title="German entry into World War I">Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Italian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Italian entry into World War I">Italy</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Japanese entry into World War I">Japan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Ottoman entry into World War I">Ottoman Empire</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_entry_into_World_War_I" title="Russian entry into World War I">Russia</a></li>

<li><a href="British_entry_into_World_War_I" title="British entry into World War I">United Kingdom</a></li>

<li><a href="American_entry_into_World_War_I" title="American entry into World War I">United States</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><a href="Declarations_of_war_during_World_War_I" title="Declarations of war during World War I">Declarations of war</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="To_my_peoples" title="To my peoples">Austria-Hungary against Serbia</a></li>

<li><a href="United_Kingdom_declaration_of_war_upon_Germany_(1914)" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom declaration of war upon Germany (1914)">UK against Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="Ottoman_Empire_in_World_War_I#Declaration_of_jihad" title="Ottoman Empire in World War I">Ottomans against the Triple Entente</a>

<ul><li><a href="1914_Ottoman_jihad_proclamation" title="1914 Ottoman jihad proclamation">Jihad</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Germany_(1917)" title="United States declaration of war on Germany (1917)">USA against Germany</a></li>

<li><a href="United_States_declaration_of_war_on_Austria-Hungary" title="United States declaration of war on Austria-Hungary">USA against Austria-Hungary</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Agreements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Constantinople_Agreement" title="Constantinople Agreement">Constantinople Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_London_(1915)" title="Treaty of London (1915)">Treaty of London</a></li>

<li><a href="Damascus_Protocol" title="Damascus Protocol">Damascus Protocol</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgaria%E2%80%93Germany_treaty_(1915)" title="Bulgaria–Germany treaty (1915)">Bulgaria–Germany treaty</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Darin" title="Treaty of Darin">Treaty of Darin</a></li>

<li><a href="Sykes%E2%80%93Picot_Agreement" title="Sykes–Picot Agreement">Sykes–Picot Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Sazonov%E2%80%93Pal%C3%A9ologue_Agreement" title="Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement">Sazonov–Paléologue Agreement</a></li>

<li><a href="Paris_Economy_Pact" title="Paris Economy Pact">Paris Economy Pact</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1916)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1916)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li>

<li><a href="Agreement_of_Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne" title="Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne">Agreement of Saint-Jean-de-Maurienne</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Peace treaties</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Modus_vivendi_of_Acroma" title="Modus vivendi of Acroma">Modus vivendi of Acroma</a></li>

<li>Treaties of Brest-Litovsk

<ul><li><a href="Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Russia–Central Powers</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk_(Ukraine%E2%80%93Central_Powers)" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (Ukraine–Central Powers)">Ukraine–Central Powers</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1918)" title="Treaty of Bucharest (1918)">Treaty of Bucharest</a></li>

<li><a href="Paris_Peace_Conference_(1919%E2%80%931920)" title="Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)">Paris Peace Conference</a>

<ul><li><a href="Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">Treaty of Versailles</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye_(1919)" title="Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (1919)">Treaty of St. Germain</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Neuilly-sur-Seine" title="Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine">Treaty of Neuilly</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Trianon" title="Treaty of Trianon">Treaty of Trianon</a></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres" title="Treaty of Sèvres">Treaty of Sèvres</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Treaty_of_Lausanne" title="Treaty of Lausanne">Treaty of Lausanne</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8em;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Arrest_of_a_Suspect_in_Sarajevo" title="Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo">Arrest of a Suspect in Sarajevo</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Mutilated_victory" title="Mutilated victory">Mutilated victory</a></li>

<li><i><a href="The_Golden_Virgin" title="The Golden Virgin">The Golden Virgin</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="They_shall_not_pass" title="They shall not pass">They shall not pass</a></i></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div>

<ul><li>Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Septemberprogramm&oldid=1300162154">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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